Revision

1.Causes of hypertension?

I CHECK A BP

• I-Idiopathic
• C-CNS disorders
• H-High-output states
• E-Endocrine disorders
• C-Coartation of aorta
• K-Kidney disease
• A-Acute stress
• B-Birth control pills
• P-Pregnancy

2. Stigmata of infective endocarditis?

• Osler's node
• Janeway lesion
• Clubbing
• Splinter haemorrhages
• Roth's spot
• Splenomegaly

3. Stigmata of chronic liver disease?

• Clubbing
• Leukonychia (whitish nail)
• Duputytren's contracture
• Palmar erythema
• Spider naevi
• Gynaecomastia
• Alopecia
• Jaundice

4. Causes of chronic liver disease?

• chronic alcohol ingestion
• viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV)
• drugs-methyldopa, methotrexate
• autoimmune hepatitis
• primary biliary cirrhosis
• Wilson's disease
• cryptogenic

5. Signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis?

• tachycardia
• atrial fibrillation
• fine tremor
• lid lag
• exophtalmus
• throid bruit

6. Clinical features of Cushing's syndrome?

• truncal obesity
• moon face
• buffalo hump
• purple striae
• muscular wasting
• polythaemia
• glucosuria
• osteoporosis
• HPT
• whitish spot candidiasis (oral corticosteroid)
• lower limb oedema
• bad wound healing
• hirsuitism

7. Bell's palsy?

• cannot close eye
• cannot smile
• drooling of saliva at the corner of lip
• difficult to masticate
• loss of nasolabial fold
• dropping mouth
• forehead line lost

8. Signs of IDA?

• koilonychia (spoon shaped)
• angular cheilitis + glossitis
• pallor mucous membrane + conjuctiva
• tachycardia
• collapsing pulse
• systolic flow murmur
• palpitations

9. Murmurs?

• pansystolic-MR, TR, VSD
• midsystolic- AS, PS, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• late systolic-mitral valve prolapse, papillary muscle dysfunction
• early diastolic- AR, PR
• mid diastolic- MS, TS, atrial myxoma

10. Causes of chronic renal failure?

• glomerulonephritis
• diabetes mellitus
• hypertension
• pyelonephritis
• polycystic kidney disease

11. Features of SLE?

• oral ulcers
• malar rash
• discoid rash
• exaggerated photosensitivity
• proteinuria
• hemolysis
• leuko/thrombocytopenia
• pleuritis
• pericarditis
• non-erosive arthritis
• seizures
• drugs (analgesic nephropathy)

12. Causes of hypothyroidism?

• destruction: surgery, radioiodine
• drugs: thionamides, lithium
• enzyme deficiency: dyshormonogenesis
• autoimmune thyroiditis
• hypothalamic-pituitary disorders

13. Causes of atrial fibrillation?

I HAVE A FIB

I-Ischemic heart disease

H-Hyperthyroidism

A-Acute pericarditis

V-Valvular heart disease

E-Embolus

A-Atrial septal defect

F-Failure

I-Infection

B-Booze

14. Symptoms of dengue fever?

15. Causes of hepatomegaly?

Infective: Hep. A,B,C,E, infectious mononucleosis, abscess, TB, syphillis, brucellosis, leptospirosis, malaria, toxoplasmosis.

Hematological : leukemia, lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukemia, myelofibrosis.

Neoplasm: primary and secondary tumour.

Metabolic: fatty liver, amyloidosis