Penyakit-penyakit Jantung

Outline for cardiovascular disease (diterjemahkan sebagai penyakit-penyakit jantung) :

PRESENTING PROBLEMS

1. Chest pain

a. Chronic episodic chest pain

-angina pectoris

-oesophageal pain

-bronchospasm

-musculoskeletal chest pain

-anxiety-related chest pain

b. Acute chest pain

-acute coronary syndromes

-arrythmia

-aortic dissection

-massive pulmonary embolism

-myocarditis & pericarditis

2. Breathlessness (dyspnoea)

3. Syncope and presyncope

-arrythmias

-structural heart disease

-vasovagal syncope

-carotid sinus hypersensitivity

-postural hypotension

3. Palpitation

4. Ankle swelling

5. Abnormal heart sounds and murmurs

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

A)DISORDERS OF HEART RATE, RHYTM AND CONDUCTION

1. Sinus rhythms

2. Tachyarrhythmias

3. Atrial tachyarrhythmias

4. Supraventricular tachycardias

5. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias

6. Cardiac arrest

7. Bradyarrhythmias

B) CORONARY HEART DISEASE

1. Stable angina

2. Unstable angina

3. Myocardial infarction (MI)

C) VASCULAR DISEASE

-Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

D) DISEASES OF THE AORTA

-abdominal aortic aneurysms

-thoracic aortic aneurysm

-aortic dissection

E) HYPERTENSION

F) HEART FAILURE

G) DISEASES OF THE HEART VALVES

-acute rheumatic fever

-chronic rheumatic heart disease

-mitral stenosis

-mitral regurgitation

-aortic stenosis

-aortic regurgitation

-tricuspid valve disease

-pulmonary valve disease

-infective endocarditis

H) CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

-atrial septal defect

-ventricular septal defect

-persistent ductus arteriosus

-coarctation of aorta

-eisenmenger's syndrome

-tetralogy of fallot

-adult congenital heart disease

I) DISEASES OF THE MYOCARDIUM

-acute myocarditis

-dilated cardiomyopathy

-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

-restrictive cardiomyopathy

J) DISEASES OF THE PERICARDIUM

-acute pericarditis

-pericardial effusion

-chronic obstructive pericarditis