Entri Study: Pharmacology 2

Bismillahirrahmanirrahiim...ya Allah terangilah hatiku...

A continuation from the previous entry...

Drugs acting at the muscarinic receptors:

(muscarinic receptors located in the organs innervated by the PNS,thermoregulatory sweat glands innervated by the SNS,cortex and hippocampus)

Usage rational: to increase gut motility,to treat urinary retention, to treat glaucoma, to slow the heart down 

agonists: 

-synthetic choline esters & derivatives : carbachol, bethanecol, methacoline

-cholinomimetic alkaloids: pilocarpine, muscarine, arecholine

antagonists:

-atropine, scopolamine (hyoscine)

Drugs acting at the adrenergic receptors:

noradrenaline, adrenaline, isoprenaline, phenylephrine

OPIODS

Strong agonists: phenantrenes(morphine), phenylheptylamines(methadone), phenylpepiridines(meperidine, fentanyl).

Mild to moderate agonists: phenantrenes (codeine), phenylheptylamines, phenylpiperidines (diphenoxylate, loperamide)

Mixed agonist-antagonists and partial agonists: phenantrenes(nalbuphine, bupronorphine), benzomorphans(pentazocine, dezocine)

Miscellaneous: tramadol,antitussives

Antagonists: naloxone,naltrexone & nalmefene

Cardiac glycosides: 

1) Digoxin -lanoxin

2) Digitoxin- crytodigin

3) Delanoside-cedilanid

4) Ouabain

Heart failure: 

Treatment; 

1) inotropes: digoxin

2) diuretics: frusemide, spironolactone

3) ACE inhibitor: captopril

4) Vasodilator : hydralazine

5) Beta blocker: carvedilol

~ KALAU TAK DAPAT INGAT SEMUA, JANGAN TINGGALKAN SEMUA~